Rabu, 01 Juli 2015

Stop Bullying



Bullying Definition

Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time. Both kids who are bullied and who bully others may have serious, lasting problems. 
In order to be considered bullying, the behavior must be aggressive and include:
  • An Imbalance of Power: Kids who bully use their power—such as physical strength, access to embarrassing information, or popularity—to control or harm others. Power imbalances can change over time and in different situations, even if they involve the same people.
  • Repetition: Bullying behaviors happen more than once or have the potential to happen more than once.
Bullying includes actions such as making threats, spreading rumors, attacking someone physically or verbally, and excluding someone from a group on purpose.
  • Types of Bullying
  • Where and When Bullying Happens
  • Frequency of Bullying

Types of Bullying 

There are three types of bullying:
  • Verbal bullying is saying or writing mean things. Verbal bullying includes:
    • Teasing
    • Name-calling
    • Inappropriate sexual comments
    • Taunting
    • Threatening to cause harm
  • Social bullying, sometimes referred to as relational bullying, involves hurting someone’s reputation or relationships. Social bullying includes:
    • Leaving someone out on purpose
    • Telling other children not to be friends with someone
    • Spreading rumors about someone
    • Embarrassing someone in public
  • Physical bullying involves hurting a person’s body or possessions. Physical bullying includes:
    • Hitting/kicking/pinching
    • Spitting
    • Tripping/pushing
    • Taking or breaking someone’s things
    • Making mean or rude hand gestures

Where and When Bullying Happens 

Bullying can occur during or after school hours. While most reported bullying happens in the school building, a significant percentage also happens in places like on the playground or the bus. It can also happen travelling to or from school, in the youth’s neighborhood, or on the Internet.

Frequency of Bullying 

There are two sources of federally collected data on youth bullying:
  • The 2010–2011 School Crime Supplement (National Center for Education Statistics and Bureau of Justice Statistics) indicates that, nationwide, 28% of students in grades 6–12 experienced bullying.
  • The 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) indicates that, nationwide, 20% of students in grades 9–12 experienced bullying.

    Research on cyberbullying is growing. However, because kids’ technology use changes rapidly, it is difficult to design surveys that accurately capture trends.
How to respond to bullying

Stop Bullying on the Spot

When adults respond quickly and consistently to bullying behavior they send the message that it is not acceptable. Research shows this can stop bullying behavior over time. There are simple steps adults can take to stop bullying on the spot and keep kids safe.
Do:
  • Intervene immediately. It is ok to get another adult to help.
  • Separate the kids involved.
  • Make sure everyone is safe.
  • Meet any immediate medical or mental health needs.
  • Stay calm. Reassure the kids involved, including bystanders.
  • Model respectful behavior when you intervene.
Avoid these common mistakes:
  • Don’t ignore it. Don’t think kids can work it out without adult help.
  • Don’t immediately try to sort out the facts.
  • Don’t force other kids to say publicly what they saw.
  • Don’t question the children involved in front of other kids.
  • Don’t talk to the kids involved together, only separately.
  • Don’t make the kids involved apologize or patch up relations on the spot.
Get police help or medical attention immediately if:
  • A weapon is involved.
  • There are threats of serious physical injury.
  • There are threats of hate-motivated violence, such as racism or homophobia.
  • There is serious bodily harm.
  • There is sexual abuse.
  • Anyone is accused of an illegal act, such as robbery or extortion—using force to get money, property, or services.

Find Out What Happened

Whether you’ve just stopped bullying on the spot or a child has reached out to you for help, follow the steps below to determine the best way to proceed.
  • Get the Facts
  • Determine if it’s Bullying

Get the Facts 

  • Keep all the involved children separate. 
  • Get the story from several sources, both adults and kids.
  • Listen without blaming.
  • Don’t call the act “bullying” while you are trying to understand what happened.
It may be difficult to get the whole story, especially if multiple students are involved or the bullying involves social bullying or cyberbullying. Collect all available information.

Determine if it's Bullying 

There are many behaviors that look like bullying but require different approaches. It is important to determine whether the situation is bullying or something else.
Review the definition of bullying. State law and school policy may have additional guidelines for defining bullying behavior.
To determine if this is bullying or something else, consider the following questions:
  • What is the history between the kids involved? Have there been past conflicts?
  • Is there a power imbalance? Remember that a power imbalance is not limited to physical strength. It is sometimes not easily recognized. If the targeted child feels like there is a power imbalance, there probably is.
  • Has this happened before? Is the child worried it will happen again?
  • Have the kids dated? There are special responses for teen dating violence.
  • Are any of the kids involved with a gang? Gang violence has different interventions.
Remember that it may not matter “who started it.” Some kids who are bullied may be seen as annoying or provoking, but this does not excuse the bullying behavior.
Once you have determined if the situation is bullying, support the kids involved.

Support the Kids Involved

All kids involved in bullying—whether they are bullied, bully others, or see bullying—can be affected. It is important to support all kids involved to make sure the bullying doesn’t continue and effects can be minimized.
  • Support Kids Who are Bullied
  • Address Bullying Behavior
  • Support Bystanders Who Witness Bullying

Support Kids Who are Bullied 

Listen and focus on the child. Learn what’s been going on and show you want to help.  
Assure the child that bullying is not their fault. 
Know that kids who are bullied may struggle with talking about it. Consider referring them to a school counselor, psychologist, or other mental health service.
Give advice about what to do. This may involve role-playing and thinking through how the child might react if the bullying occurs again.
Work together to resolve the situation and protect the bullied child. The child, parents, and school or organization may all have valuable input. It may help to:
  • Ask the child being bullied what can be done to make him or her feel safe. Remember that changes to routine should be minimized. He or she is not at fault and should not be singled out. For example, consider rearranging classroom or bus seating plans for everyone. If bigger moves are necessary, such as switching classrooms or bus routes, the child who is bullied should not be forced to change.
  • Develop a game plan. Maintain open communication between schools, organizations, and parents. Discuss the steps that are taken and the limitations around what can be done based on policies and laws. Remember, the law does not allow school personnel to discuss discipline, consequences, or services given to other children.
Be persistent. Bullying may not end overnight. Commit to making it stop and consistently support the bullied child.
Avoid these mistakes:
  • Never tell the child to ignore the bullying.
  • Do not blame the child for being bullied. Even if he or she provoked the bullying, no one deserves to be bullied.
  • Do not tell the child to physically fight back against the kid who is bullying. It could get the child hurt, suspended, or expelled.
  • Parents should resist the urge to contact the other parents involved. It may make matters worse. School or other officials can act as mediators between parents. 
Follow-up. Show a commitment to making bullying stop. Because bullying is behavior that repeats or has the potential to be repeated, it takes consistent effort to ensure that it stops.
Address Bullying Behavior 
Parents, school staff, and organizations all have a role to play.
Make sure the child knows what the problem behavior is. Young people who bully must learn their behavior is wrong and harms others. 
Show kids that bullying is taken seriously. Calmly tell the child that bullying will not be tolerated. Model respectful behavior when addressing the problem.
Work with the child to understand some of the reasons he or she bullied. For example:
  • Sometimes children bully to fit in. These kids can benefit from participating in positive activities. Involvement in sports and clubs can enable them to take leadership roles and make friends without feeling the need to bully.
  • Other times kids act out because something else—issues at home, abuse, stress—is going on in their lives. They also may have been bullied. These kids may be in need of additional support, such as mental health services.
Use consequences to teach. Consequences that involve learning or building empathy can help prevent future bullying. School staff should remember to follow the guidelines in their student code of conduct and other policies in developing consequences and assigning discipline. For example, the child who bullied can:
  • Lead a class discussion about how to be a good friend.
  • Write a story about the effects of bullying or benefits of teamwork.
  • Role-play a scenario or make a presentation about the importance of respecting others, the negative effects of gossip, or how to cooperate.
  • Do a project about civil rights and bullying.
  • Read a book about bullying.
  • Make posters for the school about cyberbullying and being smart online.
Involve the kid who bullied in making amends or repairing the situation. The goal is to help them see how their actions affect others. For example, the child can:
  • Write a letter apologizing to the student who was bullied.
  • Do a good deed for the person who was bullied or for others in your community.
  • Clean up, repair, or pay for any property they damaged.
Avoid strategies that don’t work or have negative consequences.
  • Zero tolerance or “three strikes, you’re out” strategies don’t work. Suspending or expelling students who bully does not reduce bullying behavior. Students and teachers may be less likely to report and address bullying if suspension or expulsion is the consequence.
  • Conflict resolution and peer mediation don’t work for bullying. Bullying is not a conflict between people of equal power who share equal blame. Facing those who have bullied may further upset kids who have been bullied.
  • Group treatment for students who bully doesn’t work. Group members tend to reinforce bullying behavior in each other.
Follow-up. After the bullying issue is resolved, continue finding ways to help the child who bullied to understand how what they do affects other people. For example, praise acts of kindness or talk about what it means to be a good friend.
Support Bystanders Who Witness Bullying 
Even if kids are not bullied or bullying others they can be affected by bullying. Many times, when they see bullying, they may not know what to do to stop it. They may not feel safe stepping in in the moment, but there are many other steps they can take.
Reerensi : http://www.stopbullying.gov/respond/find-out-what-happened/index.html

Learning English

Now, we talk about how important learning english. English is international language. Many country use this language for daily activity. In my country english already taught in nursery school.

First time, i am learning english in elementary school. Usually teacher teach simple word. Like apel is aple, or merah is red. Learning english is very funny. Sometimes me and my friends likes to laugh when one of my friends wrong say the word.

One thing i do not like when learning english is learning about grammar. Is little bit difficult for me. I prefer learning english via music, games or watch a movie. Even sometimes i’m still not understand what they talk about.

My favourit game for learning english is Dinasty Warrior. Why Dinasty Warrior? Because there is many mission which must be completed. To completed the mission, usually we get some clue. And the clue use the english language. And then like or not we are encouraged to understand english.

Learning english is not only for student, for people in this world must learning english too. Why? Because when we come into working world we can meet and need to talk with people who come from another country in this world. To make some good business we need help many people. So we must to understand and know how to use the english well. And then when we can use the english language very well, then we could talk with many people in this world. We can order many product with cheaper price or more better quality. This is the reason why learning english is important thing in our life

Jumat, 08 Mei 2015

Resume Kuliah Umum

NAMA : Arief Wicaksono
Kelas    : 4ea25
NPM    : 17211939
Being Global Leader in Islamic Finance
RESUME : Kuliah umum dengan tema "Being Global Leader in Islamic Finance" Speaker : Ronald Rulindo, Ph.d Senin, 4 Mei 2015

Pengertian Keuangan Syariah
Keuangan syariah adalah memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat di bidang keuangan dengan prinsip jual beli dan bagi hasil.
Bank Syariah dan Bank Konvensial mempunyai hasil akhir yang sama namun prosesnya berbeda. Perbedaan ini terletak di proses pinjam meminjamnya. Pada bank konvensional dikenakan bunga, tetapi pada bank syariah menggunakan akad dan tanpa bunga.
 
Finance Islamic Bank pertama diperkenalkan pada tahun 1960.
          ·   Pada tahun 1960-an sudah mulai dikenal di mesir
          ·   Pada tahun 1970-an didirikan Islamic Development Bank (IDB)
          ·   Pada tahun 1980-an mulai berdirinya Dubai Islamic Bank
          ·   Pada tahun 1983 bank bersistem syariah di dirikan di Malaysia
          ·   Pada tahun 1990 bank bersistem syariah masuk ke Indonesia dengan ditandai munculnya Bank
             Muamalat
 
         Mengapa kita perlu dalam global leader ?
          ·   Menciptakan riba free ekonomi
          ·   Mewujudkan keadilan sosial
          ·   Membrantas kemiskinan
          ·   Mendukung kemajuan ekonomi lewat ekonomi syariah
 
         Mengapa riba itu di haramkan ?
         ·   Mengandung ketidakadilan
         ·   Merusak perekonomian
         ·   Menyebabkan kemalasan
 
        Inti atau isi dari system mudarabah dalam syariah ?
        ·   Teori bagi hasil
        ·   Kalau ada keuntungan dibagikan
        ·   Kalau terjadi kerugian itu resiko investor
        
     Apa yang harus dilakukan untuk menjadi Globa Leader in Islamic Finance ?
        ·   Luruskan niat kepada Allah
        ·   Perluas wawasan
        ·   Memperbanyak ilmu
        ·   Bangun visi yang jelas

Kamis, 07 Mei 2015

Active and Passive Sentence

Active and Passive Sentence


Kalimat pasif atau yang biasa dikenal dengan Passive Voice atau Passive Sentence atau ada juga yang menyebutnya Passive Forms merupakan salah satu bentuk kalimat dalam Bahasa Inggris. Dalam definisi singkatnya Passive Voice berarti suatu bentuk kata kerja transitif dimana secara tata Bahasa Inggris subjek dari kalimat berpelaku sebagai ‘pasien’, yaitu yang menerima aksi dari sebuah pekerjaan. Kalimat Pasif umumnya kontras dengan Kalimat Aktif atau yang biasa dikenal dengan Active Voice, kalimat ini bermakna suatu bentuk kata kerja transitif dimana subjek dari kalimat berpelaku sebagai ‘agen’, yaitu yang melakukan aksi dari sebuah pekerjaan.

Definisi :

Ciri – ciri kalimat passive :

- Pasti verb 3

- Ada kalimat Bantu (to be)

Rumus :

Simple past tense :

Active => verb 2 (ed)

Passive => was/were + verb 3

Simple present tense :

Active => verb 1 (+ s/es)

Passive => Is/am/are + verb 3

Present perfect tense :

Active => has/have + verb 3

Passive => has/have + been + verb 3

Present continous tense :

Active => is/am/are + verb ing

Passive => is/am/are + being + verb 3

Present future tense :

Active => will + verb 1

Passive => will + be + verb 3

Past perfect tense :

Active => had + verb 3

Passive => had + been + verb 3

Present perfect continous tense :

Active => has/have + been + verb ing

Passive => has/have + been + being + verb 3

Contoh kalimat :

Active

- dudi washes the car everyday

- they are lifting the stones

- I will buy a bag

- we sold the car last month

- they have painted their house blue

- she had posted the letter before she came here

- she has been reading a book for 5 house

- mirna writes a letter for her brother every month

- the doctor is examining the patient at the moment

- the rich man will sell his luxurious house to pay for his debt

Passive


- the car is washed by dudi everyday

- the stones are being lifted by them

- a bag will be bought by me

- the car was sold last month

- the house has been painted blue by them

- the letter had been posted before she came here

- the book has been being read for 5 house

- a letter for mirna’s brother is written by her every month

- the patient is being examined by the doctor at the moment

- his luxurious house will be sold by the rich man to pay for his debt



sumber : http://andriyani22.blogspot.com/2010/03/active-and-passive-sentence.html